Yeah, it's really hard to know.
I do notice something of a pattern though:
Demonyms: Usually named after cities (berg, stein etc.). Rarely rural areas. By contrast, native German, English and French demonyms are more likely to be rural.
Professions: Usually working high value materials like silver or gold, or some kind of service profession.
Jewish caste system: Colour names (schwartz, weiß, gelb etc.) are almost always jewish. They refer to some kind of social stratification system, but I've never been clear on exactly how it works.
Made up names: When they invent names they're usually named after something luxurious are pretty, such as "Gold," "Crystal," "Roses," etc.
Transliterations: They often (poorly) translate their name into the local language when they move country. So "Rosenfeld" becomes "Roosevelt" and "Goldschmitt" becomes "Goldsmith" or "Golden" etc.
Legit German names are typically meaningless (Goebbels, Himler) or professions, Schmidt, Metzger, Müller, etc. (smith, butcher, miller) The exceptions are that Miller is a common jewish name due to intermarrying and Goldsmith can go either way.
Fake names will typically be a natural thing. Baum, Berg (tree, mountain) these are often mixed with the colors, Rosenbaum, Grünbaum. It's not a caste thing they're just made up names. Also money related ones are common: silver, gold, diamond.
Any name that ends in man is fake. Swartzman, Silverman.
Klein (small) and Gross (large) are fake.
Roth and Cohen are always kikes. Roth does not mean red, although they'll transliterate it that way Rothstein will become redstone. Roth was a slur, like Yankee or kike. Cohen is a false claim of biblical ancestry, like Israel which is another kike name.
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