That's the Weimar period, named after the provisional government installed at Weimar after the signing of the treaties that ended WWI. It was a time marked with widespread homosexual and transsexual related things, hyperinflation, and a general breakdown of moral standards that happened almost overnight. Many of the un-German books that were burnt in the plaza were from the nearby Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sex Research,) an early delver into transsexual and alternate sexual ideologies. (The Allies burnt the history books.)
If you've ever watched the full version of Metropolis, the club scenes were a reflection of what actually happened during the Weimar period.
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