Anyone who has ever spent any substantive time in sub-Saharan Africa is well aware of the issues presented in this article: 1) Morality is externalized. Ironically this has proven fertile soil for Christianity because "Thou shalt not murder, rape, steal, lie, etc" because *Jesus says so under penalty of hellfire* (while Biblically dubious, it's a fair synopsis of the ubiquitous RCC theology on the continent) works even better than because Dictator so-and-so is going to send his thugs to punish you. Because Jesus is omniscient, while Dictator so-and-so is not. This is a far cry from the internalized morality of Western philosophers. If you dont get mugged, it has nothing to do with someone thinking that it violates the NAP and everything to do with fear of retribution. 2) The majority of sub-Saharan blacks have (from a Western perspective) an egregiously poor grasp of time. "The delivery is scheduled a week from now and you'll be paid in two weeks" is abundantly clear to Westerners. To the locals the concept is very muddy and seems to be best equated to an imprecise concept of "the future". You might get your delivery anytime in the next month, and some pissed off person will show up sometime prior to two weeks from now demanding to know why he hasn't been paid yet (because while two weeks was clear to you, "the future" is the very vague concept he understood). 3) Trait neuroticism is astoundingly low by Western standards. This is an excellent example of why outcomes of environmental pressure are neither inferior nor superior in and of themselves, but adapted to their specific environment. In an environment where food is available year round, high levels of trait neuroticism are actively detrimental because they flood the body with cortisol for no reason. Whereas in more northerly climates, experiencing constant anxiety ensured you hoarded enough food to survive winter. On the downside, low native levels of trait neuroticism will cause Westerners to learn to despise the phrase "Hakuna Matata". While most Westerners are familiar with it meaning "no worries" in the Lion King movie, locals use it to describe situations that have gone wrong or are forseable to go wrong which they aren't going to worry about because their trait neurotocism is quite low. Whereas Westerners would look at running out of gas on a bandit infested road, not being sure if that warthog outside your tent is friendly, or the generator keeping your food from spoiling being badly in need of maintenance as significant causes for anxiety...the locals will just tell you hakuna matata. On the upside, you dont see a lot of Sub-Saharan Karens on Xanax for "muy anxieties", so there are positive tradeoffs. 4) Trait conscientousness is quite rare in Sub-Saharan blacks, ergo nothing works. If by some miracle it does work, it's either about to break, some foreigner is in charge of it, or it's in the hands of the mid-level bureaucrats left behind as a remnant of colonial culture. This doesn't just apply to complex machinery or systems. Think of a Western McDonalds. A none-too-bright middle manager employing poorly motivated teenagers can deliver a consistent burger and fries in a consistent period of time from NYC to BFE. The soft drink machine works, the fryer works, the drive-thru menu is lit, the drive-thru headsets work, the ice machine runs, and the only thing that ever fails more than once in a blue moon is the ice cream machine because Jim Bob didnt want to clean it. In Sub-Saharan Africa, assume none of that low complexity equipment will work. Even if adhering to a strict but simple maintenance schedule a stoned teenager can handle would keep it running, no one will do it. Because trait conscientousness is crucial for completing repetitive, detail oriented tasks. Good fucking luck getting that to happen in SSA. I've seen generators break with no one having a clue why because they were run daily for +10 years without the flipping filter being changed because maintenance schedules presupose high trait conscientousness. 5) Abstract thinking is rare. I'll give you an example: a driver broke the key off in the ignition (how, I still have no fricking idea). In the West this would lead to either considering abstractly how to best disassemble the ignition to extract the broken key fragment, or calling in a professional if no one had even a hazy idea of where to start. In SSA, this resulted in half a dozen locals rhythmically ramming the vehicle into a curb under the rationale that since excesive force snapped the key off, then excessive force might bounce it out. Somehow. 6) Native linguistic precision is abysmal since they were oral rather than written. Fortunately most people speak at least one European language, so at least colonialism provided languages with enough breadth that you can communicate accurately with the minority of locals who have their shit together. 7) You learn to *really* appreciate the locals who have their shit together. In the West, mid level staff who can maintain generators, repair a car, keep your books, or schedule shifts for rank and file staff are ubiquitous. You dont give the assistant manager at Taco Bell or the entry level mechanic at a quick oil change shop a second look. In SSA, you hold on to these people like gold. You want them happy. You meet their families. You treat them like trusted lieutenants because you directly need to maintain that personal relationship to get anything done. It's not like the West where finding a new book keeper is a trivial HR posting. They're rare and nigh irreplaceable. 8) The brain drain is real. Every native with an IQ above room temperature wants to get an education and leave for the West, and I can't blame them. This exacerbates the problem since the righthand tail of the IQ distribution leaves rather than reproducing.