To me the story is about cooperation and pulling together in tough times. The people were all barely making it but when they pooled their resources they had something better than the individual crap they had by themselves. Yes the rock guy got a free meal, but the towns people also learned a lesson on managing resources. However this wouldnt work in your average town today because too many people would just bring rocks. Stone soup, like other alturistic programs, only works in a small homogeneous society where everyone pulls their weight.
I guess you're right about getting the town to pool resources, but to me (at least from what I can remember) the traveler put the rock in the soup sounded like he's tricking the towns people into thinking he contributed. Where in reality he did not (at least not any food, you can argue he contributed the pot).
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