[implant delivering hydroxychloroquine](https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13346-021-00983-w/MediaObjects/13346_2021_983_Figa_HTML.png) [article on the rings](https://files.catbox.moe/3dxelp.png) [release RNA when detect semen](https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13346-021-00983-w/MediaObjects/13346_2021_983_Figa_HTML.png) [placement](https://www.womens-health-center.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/ring-300x196.jpg) >Impact of Hydroxychloroquine-Loaded Polyurethane Intravaginal Rings on Lactobacilli [Lactobacilli are among the most common probiotic found in food such as yogurt, just fyi] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4649168/ This 2015 study was funded in part by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (grant OPP1007233GCE) ["It was estimated that, in 2014, more than 36.9 million people globally were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (3). More than 50% of the individuals infected with HIV are women, with heterosexual transmission being the main route of infection (4). Although BV, HIV, and other sexually transmitted infections occur via the FGT, conventional treatment strategies involve oral administration of drugs. Most of those therapeutic strategies have failed, because orally administered drugs can be highly metabolized by the liver before being absorbed into the systemic circulation and reaching the FGT. Increasing the administered dose may not be possible, since this can result in severe systemic toxicity. **The ideal treatment approach** for infections or diseases affecting the FGT **would be to deliver drugs locally via the vagina**, to increase therapeutic effects while reducing systemic toxicity."](https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/AAC.01819-15) >["We developed a "smart" combination intravaginal ring (IVR) that will (1) provide **continuous release of hydroxychloroquine** (HCQ) to induce T cell immune quiescence as the first-line of defense and (2) release **nanoparticles containing anti-CCR5 siRNA** only during sexual intercourse when triggered by the presence of seminal fluid as the second-line of defense. The IVR was capable of releasing HCQ over 25 days with a mean daily release of 31.17 ± 3.06 µg/mL. In the presence of vaginal fluid simulant plus seminal fluid simulant, over 12 × more nanoparticles (5.12 ± 0.9 mg) were released over a 4-h period"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350951408_Segmented_intravaginal_ring_for_the_combination_delivery_of_hydroxychloroquine_and_anti-CCR5_siRNA_nanoparticles_as_a_potential_strategy_for_preventing_HIV_infection) [ "Overall, HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of death globally in women aged 15–44 [13]. Since every day thousands of women are newly infected with HIV, there is a huge need for novel treatment and formulation strategies that prevent transmission during sexual intercourse. Vaginal microbicides promise to address a central gap in current HIV-prevention strategies. Therefore, the efforts in developing novel microbicide formulations are supported by many non-profit organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the **Population Council** or the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. There are no approved microbicides available yet, but currently, it looks like the first microbicide to be submitted for regulatory approval will be a silicone-based membrane-type IVR developed by the International Partnership for Microbicides (IPM). This IVR releases dapivirine for local action in the vagina over the duration of one month [14]."](https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/11/10/538/htm) ["For example, chloroquine was the most used anti-malarial drug for decades. It is no longer effective against the parasite in Africa." ](https://www.voanews.com/archive/gates-foundation-works-combating-malaria) [probably because of nets & sanitation imo, rather than the need to develop new depop clot shots] ["Experts estimate that up to 80 percent of malaria in some parts of Africa is resistant to chloroquine, the cheapest standard drug."](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/ideas/media-center/press-releases/2003/09/funding-malaria-research) Gates was working on at least 9 malaria vaccinations, lost the source for that digging through all this Source for the ring pics (University of Waterloo): https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/574278 https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/591006 >["We've specifically engineered a combination IVR that can deliver two unique medications targeting different aspects of the HIV infection process," said Emmanuel Ho, a professor in the University of Waterloo's School of Pharmacy and study author. "Before, only one drug could be delivered from an intravaginal ring. The ring is made of medical-grade plastic and contains two segmented sections. One section is solid and coated in a pH-sensitive polymer that releases the customized **gene-therapy** treatment specifically during sexual intercourse. The other half is a hollow ring with tiny pores that releases HCQ slowly over twenty-five days. The HCQ is the first line of defence that reduces the immune cell activation - meaning HIV cells have fewer host target cells to interact with. Doing this buys time for the gene therapy treatment which comes in specifically during sexual intercourse to further suppress the expression of cellular receptors that HIV cells attach to." ](https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/574278)