The battle of Austerlitz is certainly one of Napoleons greatest victories during the third coalition conflict and it goes much without saying. This battle relied on Napoleons correct predictions on allied movement, Davouts 3rd corps arrival, and a perfect counter-attack. All in which played out just as expected.
On December 2nd 1805, the French ‘Grande Armee’ consisting of 74,000 men and the Austrian Army of 72,890 men met each-other on the field of Austerlitz. The Austrians held a vital and strategic high ground on the Pratzen heights. With Marshall Davout 3rd corps still en route, Napoleon formed a weak right flank at the town of Telniez, just south of Napoleons position, and expected an all out allied approach on the town. Which he would then in return launch an all out attack on the allied center to envelop the forces at Telniez.
At 7:00 AM Austrian forces moved out of Augezd, just a mile away from the right flank, and initiated the first confrontation. The French fought hard but gradually lost their control over the town. However the Austrian plan to encircle Napoleon was halted, the morning mist and the late arrival of orders proved to be a vital mistake for the 2 emperors of Russia and Austria. One hour later, the first 3 columns of Allied soldiers marched toward Telniez, at the same time Marshall Devout 3rd Corps arrived to reinforce the right flank just after marching 17 miles east.
Around noon, napoleon gets orders the allied right is moving on Telniez, and orders Marshall Soult 4th corps to intercept the Austrians and began the counter attack. 2 French infantry divisions to the surprise of the Austrian commanders emerged from the fog and entered long conflict, in which both sides suffered many casualties, but Napoleon succeeds in taking over the Pratzen heights.
Just north of Soults 4th corps, a cavalry battle takes place in the sway of the two villages of Krug and Blasowitz. 6 regiments of Calvary overwhelm the Austrian forces and drive them back under Marshall Lannes V corps. Just one hour later Grand Duke Constantine commanding the Russian Imperial Guard, takes one last desperate chance to reclaim the Pratzen heights and moves west down the hill, The French army lost many soldiers and French eagle standards, however Napoleons calvary of his own, charges towards Constantines army, and forces them into retreat.
With all eyes on Napoleon and the Allied center broken, Napoleon circles around towards the right flank and envelops the remaining Austrian regiments. With the Austrians surrounded at Telneiz, they are ordered to immediately retreat, crossing frozen ponds with French artillery men firing at the ice, leaving them to drown.
Napoleon has achieved his first major victory over the third coalition, with only 1,290 French soldiers dead, and 6,600 allied dead. A mistake the poorly coordinated allies would not make at the battle of Wagram. The battle of the three emperors was a crushing blow to the third coalition. Francis I of Austria is embarrassingly forced to pay a 40 million franc indemnity, and give up more land via Treaty of Pressburg. Napoleon’s imperial cause helped unify the confederation of the Rhine. And give his brothers Joseph and Louis the honorary titles of King of Italy, King of the Batavian republic, And later Spain.
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