To train a brain, whether yours or somebody else's... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHY8NuTSTO0 https://academic.oup.com/book/7584/chapter-abstract/152586547?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false Reward and punishment systems Abstract The idea of a goal-directed arousal system in the brain implies the existence of some mechanism for selecting appropriate goals, for initiating the behaviours required to achieve them, and for signaling when they have been attained. If a goal proves favourable for survival in the prevailing circumstances, it is advantageous to reinforce behaviour leading to it; if the goal proves to be unfavourable, behaviour leading to it must be suppressed and avoidance action taken in future. Such a signalling system may be provided by certain ‘reward’ and ‘punishment’ pathways in the brain. These are closely integrated with arousal systems and with learning and memory, and appear to be fundamental for motivation, and for goal-seeking and avoidance behaviour. https://www.dana.org/article/how-addiction-hijacks-our-reward-system/ How Addiction Hijacks Our Reward System People have been using addictive substances for centuries, but only very recently, by using the powerful tools of brain imaging, genetics, and genomics, have scientists begun to understand in detail how the brain becomes addicted. Neuropharmacologists Wilkie A. Wilson, Ph.D., and Cynthia M. Kuhn, Ph.D., explain, for example, that you cannot conclude you are addicted to something because you experience withdrawal symptoms. And calling our love of chocolate or football an “addiction” not only trivializes the devastation wrought by addiction, but misses the point that addiction involves a hijacking of the brain’s circuitry, a reprogramming of the reward system, and lasting, sometimes permanent, brain changes. Any effective treatment must address both addiction’s reorganization of the brain and the power of the addict’s memories.

Have him chase down a rabbit or something