Well in the same way that monarchy means one (external) ruler, but doesn't mean peace or tranquility, anarchy means one (internal) ruler but does not really mean chaos. Jesus had no ruler other than God/himself. Did not believe in taxes or the government, did not believe in slavery, nor did he believe in world peace. He said so himself "I have not come to bring peace, but a sword" all true christians could do just fine without a government, living in harmony with he rules plainly laid out for us by Jesus. And in my personal opinion all true christians are anarchists, though not all anarchists are christian.
The bible promotes a Theocracy.
Is that what Jesus promoted?
Yes.
He specifically called for people who wanted to follow him to follow Gods commandments instead of replacing them with burdensome traditions.
Gods commands are the Torah, which does include a priestly caste and judges within the community. Those priests and judges are not rulers though. You are supposed to listen to their rulings, but only in matters brought before them. They were not legislative bodies, judicial only.
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