We were just hearing this section today in church. I came here to say this, but you said it way better than I would have.
I'd just add that it also said that "Satan entered into him" when he ate the bread.
I think what damned him is that he couldn't bring himself to repent, and instead killed himself. It was always his part to play, but what he did afterward showed that he wasn't one of God's flock. Couldn't forgive himself, so he didn't think God would either.
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