This might be in response to Phreeli (phreeli.com), a new phone company that sells phone service where they keep your payment information separate from your call records. You can also pay them in cryptocurrency.
They were closing in on our identities on most large, online services. Every major online service demands a phone number now and a phone number gives them the user’s real identity. Phreeli takes that easy lookup away from them. This would force companies like Phreeli to collect that user information and hand it over.
I like the headline. It ignores the ploy and gets to the real purpose of this.
It's not even really that difficult. Take a VOIP CLEC like Zoom. A USA based company buys service from them, and then deploys those virtual numbers to India. To the billing department, USCo, Inc. is paying the bill. The terminations are all in the USA. But, poos are using those virtual numbers to call you from your local area code.
The article talks primarily about cellular numbers, but no one is calling you from those. It's all phone farms in Asia.