Look up thermal junction max (aka. TJ max). It's the maximum safe operating temperature for a processor to reach before degradation of its transistors and permanent damage. To prevent CPUs/GPUs from reaching that temperature in rigs with very poor cooling, the system will limit performance by throttling down the processor, sometimes to the point of worse performance than an entry level chipset. At worst, system will force a shutdown. Modern laptops barely handle the I7 mobile line at safe temps; forget the I9s. Edit: May as well use this opportunity to point you to the freeware program [HWMonitor, by CPUID](https://www.cpuid.com/softwares/hwmonitor.html). It's very popular among PC enthusiasts. It'll show many diagnostics such as fan/pump speeds, voltages to various components, and most importantly, temperatures... among a bunch of other stats. Run it and compare your chipsets' TJ Max to your operating temp under load and you'll be shocked at how poorly PC/Laptop manufactures cool their rigs.