" KRYSTALLOS " BELL SYSTEM FILM DEVELOPMENT OF QUARTZ CRYSTAL MANUFACTURING (m.youtube.com)
This Bell & Howell promotional film displays the Bell & Howell vacuum tube used in early television screens. It details the makeup of the vacuum tube and it’s functions. Bell & Howell is a formerly prominent producer of camera and motion picture equipment founded in 1909. The film opens with an animation detailing the formation of the Earth (:57). Man introduced, as he often does, special meaning to specific minerals such a quartz. The Greek delivered the name ‘krystallos’ for the useful mineral. In March of 1880, Pierre and Jacques Curie; French physicists and pioneers of crystallogy discovered piezotetricity (1:14). An electric signal is recorded (1:29). A vacuum tube (1:44) comprised of crystal plates is zoomed in on. An animation explains the process for a long distance phone call (2:03). Vibrations from voice signals pass through the quartz crystal (2:06). Brazilian quartz is considered to be high grade (2:35). Bell telephone company boasts the companies increased use of the crystal in their vacuum tubes. The rock is zoomed in on, properties are discussed (2:44). Chemists and engineers of Bell telephone lab work with Western Electric (3:03). The chemists sought to provide lost cost quartz for the company’s use and this process is displayed. Quartz chips are added to a chemist’s pressure cooker (3:28). A rack of crystal wafers are added (3:41). Seeds are set under pressure (4:10). The seeds are drug up and checked for growth (4:48). Test results follow (4:54); some plates disappeared (4:57). Others emerged unchanged (5:07). A third set shows growth (5:16) despite deformations. Other issues during the experiment include a leak in the seal (5:31). Seeds required a perfect seal for proper growth (5:43). The proper combination of temperature, pressure and time is discovered (5:53). Well-formed crystals appear (5:59). A massive autoclave (6:01) houses thousands of growing crystals. The larger crystals struggled to grow (6:20). Scientists sought a perfect seal (6:29) in order to withstand intense pressure and heat. The technique is shown to be mastered (6:53) as scrap crystals are lowered to the bottom of a cylinder to dissolve (7:03). Seed plates are cut to allow the formation of the rectangular heart of the full grown crystal. The growth is monitored (7:46). The formed crystals are pulled up (8:26). A diamond saw slices crystals down for usable size (8:50). The slices are tested electrically (9:05). They sink into an acid bath (9:17). Supersonic vibrations clean the quartz pieces (9:23). They are set into the Bell & Howell tubes (9:37). Television screens flicker behind Bell employees (9:43). A rotary telephone rings (9:47). The film concludes with the notion these tubes could lead to long reaches of communication potentially into space (10:04). This was an Owen Murphy Production (10:54).
[" KRYSTALLOS " BELL SYSTEM FILM DEVELOPMENT OF QUARTZ CRYSTAL MANUFACTURING](https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=GppRo8eG8EU)
>This Bell & Howell promotional film displays the Bell & Howell vacuum tube used in early television screens. It details the makeup of the vacuum tube and it’s functions. Bell & Howell is a formerly prominent producer of camera and motion picture equipment founded in 1909. The film opens with an animation detailing the formation of the Earth (:57). Man introduced, as he often does, special meaning to specific minerals such a quartz. The Greek delivered the name ‘krystallos’ for the useful mineral. In March of 1880, Pierre and Jacques Curie; French physicists and pioneers of crystallogy discovered piezotetricity (1:14). An electric signal is recorded (1:29). A vacuum tube (1:44) comprised of crystal plates is zoomed in on. An animation explains the process for a long distance phone call (2:03). Vibrations from voice signals pass through the quartz crystal (2:06). Brazilian quartz is considered to be high grade (2:35). Bell telephone company boasts the companies increased use of the crystal in their vacuum tubes. The rock is zoomed in on, properties are discussed (2:44). Chemists and engineers of Bell telephone lab work with Western Electric (3:03). The chemists sought to provide lost cost quartz for the company’s use and this process is displayed. Quartz chips are added to a chemist’s pressure cooker (3:28). A rack of crystal wafers are added (3:41). Seeds are set under pressure (4:10). The seeds are drug up and checked for growth (4:48). Test results follow (4:54); some plates disappeared (4:57). Others emerged unchanged (5:07). A third set shows growth (5:16) despite deformations. Other issues during the experiment include a leak in the seal (5:31). Seeds required a perfect seal for proper growth (5:43). The proper combination of temperature, pressure and time is discovered (5:53). Well-formed crystals appear (5:59). A massive autoclave (6:01) houses thousands of growing crystals. The larger crystals struggled to grow (6:20). Scientists sought a perfect seal (6:29) in order to withstand intense pressure and heat. The technique is shown to be mastered (6:53) as scrap crystals are lowered to the bottom of a cylinder to dissolve (7:03). Seed plates are cut to allow the formation of the rectangular heart of the full grown crystal. The growth is monitored (7:46). The formed crystals are pulled up (8:26). A diamond saw slices crystals down for usable size (8:50). The slices are tested electrically (9:05). They sink into an acid bath (9:17). Supersonic vibrations clean the quartz pieces (9:23). They are set into the Bell & Howell tubes (9:37). Television screens flicker behind Bell employees (9:43). A rotary telephone rings (9:47). The film concludes with the notion these tubes could lead to long reaches of communication potentially into space (10:04). This was an Owen Murphy Production (10:54).
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