Idk man, I've seen a shitload of shooting videos. Handguns drop people with a single shot to the torso almost 100% of the time.
Rifle shots to the torso, whether it's 5.56 or 7.62, ALWAYS put a guy down. They might get back up, but I've never seen a shootout video where a man wearing a rifle bullet in the stomach did anything other than try to flee. Have you watched any of the combat footage out of the Ukraine? Most of those guys are shooting 7.62 at each other, and holy shit is it effective. A single round to pretty much any spot on the torso is a crippling or mortal wound.
I have seen videos where guys catch 3 or more bullets from handguns, fall over or stumble, and then return fire, awake for at least a little while longer.
This dataset clearly has issues, but
Rifles and shotguns are vastly superior to all handguns.
~10-15% of assailants don't stop regardless of the number of shots. This is why militaries have drills to follow up with head or pelvic shots if the center of mass shots do not drop them.
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