The thing that you're missing is that evolution doesn't work in large jumps from one generation to another. The change is gradual. For example, the eye likely started out as a few photosensitive cells. Being able to sense where light is coming from was a beneficial mutation, so it stayed. Later a mutation happened that increased the number of cells, and another one that allowed them to move a bit, and so on and so forth, over thousands and thousands of generations, until the eye emerged.
We can find evidence of such gradual changes because sometimes this incremental process leads to absurdities, like the laryngeal nerve of a giraffe going from its head, all the way to its body, and back up again.
I'm happy to help you understand the concepts, but you gotta do your own homework as well.
That was a decent answer, I can't hold that against you. Even if I am lacking in the jargon or expertise in the field. Take whatever you believe is the very first increment to the development process of DNA- how did that come to be from random chemical reactions? And what are the chances that so many coincidental things, a series of them, happened to facilitate this, like the habitat on Earth being just right.
What do you believe sets or determines the foundational laws of physics of the universe? This may be hard to understand, as a question, but why is it that certain things are set to occur in a certain way on the level of entropy, energy, molecules, etc? Non of it is random, random is chaotic, chaos is the absence of order, and you can only address all these things and life as being order.
How did the first life forms evolve? Have you heard of prion-based diseases, like CJD? They happen when a protein that is supposed to fold a certain way misfolds and ends up in a different shape. What's more is that this mis-shapen protein then acts as a catalyst to convert the properly-shaped proteins into ones like itself. It's a self-replicating protein, though one that relies on very specific environment.
While the first life--if you can call it that--looked nothing like our prions, the principle is similar. It was a protein that converted molecules found in its environment into more copies of itself. The first one was probably very bad at self replication and could only achieve it under very specific circumstances. But as long as the protein lived long enough to make more copies of itself, the reaction sustained itself. Over time different versions of the protein emerged, ones that were more successful at self-replication, or ones that took competing replicators (which were now plentiful in the environment) and made them into copies of itself.
Anyway, this post is getting too long, so I'll cut it short. These replicators started incorporating RNA into their structure and another layer was created, using RNA to store the genetic code and enzymes to make proteins out of RNA. As these primordial life forms consumed each other they evolved defenses like cell walls to keep the environment out and to protect themselves from predation. Likewise, other replicators developed ways of attacking and getting through these basic defenses.
But RNA is not a good storage medium as it mutates easily. Eventually DNA evolved and that's the life we have today. It's all DNA-based.
There is nothing magical about life. It's the consequence of the second law of thermodynamics. The universe is going from a more ordered to a more disordered state, with life being one tool to achieve that, a catalyst. In that broad sense it's the same process that happens in stars where hydrogen is fused into helium, or when burning a piece of wood. In the case of stars the star itself is the catalyst. The temperature and pressure inside a star is what allows fusion to take place. It unlocks potential energy of hydrogen atoms and releases it as heat. Again we go from a low entropy state to a high entropy state. Or when burning a piece of wood, fire acts as a catalyst to rapidly oxidize the carbon molecules, releasing thermal energy in the process. Again, low entropy to high entropy.
When life does it there are more steps involved, but it's still a process by which the universe goes from lower entropy to higher entropy, with life acting as a catalyst. All life forms are machines designed to extract useful energy in its environment to make copies of itself, and in the process increasing the entropy of the universe.
So you're baselessly asserting that order comes from chaos. When it is actually always order replicating itself despite the constant affects of entropy (chaos). For instance, a child does not randomly spawn from the centre of a cabbage, that was randomly manifested out of shit from a horse.
Try not to get bogged down in explaining the full details and mechanics of proteins or prions, because that still doesn't address the main point that I have an issue with. You can't seem to focus on the gap between nonexistence and existence, even if you assert it was a gradual process, there still must be a point where something 'manifested' to act in a certain way that then led to the next increment, which eventually, apparently, led to the manifestation of the most complex code we know. Do you understand what my issue is? So take the spastic prion, what caused it to manifest and what gave it the instruction to start "bending" itself?
In fact, the last two questions, you don't seem to understand but I'm not even sure how I could communicate them adequately. Magic doesn't come into it, something is 'magical' when you don't understand the mechanism behind it, our technology would seem magical to our earlier ancestors.
If the laws of physics or all the laws that determine our physical reality, were random, they wouldn't have any definition or order to them, by saying they came about randomly from nothing, you are asserting an impossibility. When your entire worldview is underlined by this, that opens the door to accepting a lot of crazy shit, just as much as being superstitious does.
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