This is likely just a mechanism to do some money laundering using the legal system.

do patent holders have any liability or is it only royalties and benefits you get from them?

Advance Market Commitment for vaccines (AMC)is an innovative funding mechanism to incentivize vaccine makers to produce suitable and affordable vaccines needed in low-income countries.

https://fiftrustee.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/dfi/fiftrustee/fund-detail/amc