RvW set up trimesters to weigh interests of woman, state, and baby. The judges made up dividing pregnancy into 3 sections based on the old science of viability. First trimester woman wins and can abort asserting her 14th Amd right to privacy (this is where people argue there's nothing in the Constitution that gives a right to abortion, Sup. Ct. made it up and stuck it here under 14th Amd). 2nd and 3rd trimester is where states can restrict abortion but a woman can abort if the state's and baby's interests are outweighed by her interests.
14th Amendment guarantees that no state shall “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.”
"Fundamental rights" were rights that the Sup. Ct. found, these are principles of liberty that are not explicitly in the Constitution and are created by the judges. The history of how these liberties were developed by the Sup. Ct. is here: https://lawexplores.com/fourteenth-amendment-right-of-privacyliberty-interests/ (this is why Sup Ct candidates' stand on abortion is asked about, because either the judge believes in activism and making law to achieve the desired result or the judge believes in strict interpretation of the Constitution).
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