Genetic engineering didn't really sneak up on us but we have all been massively delinquent in serious discourse around ethics and morality, we should have drawn lines in the sand and made a large effort to untie groups of nations in drawing thick red lines on what is acceptable and what is not. In my own opinion non-human genes do not belong in humans, a pretty simple and obvious thing to most who don't know much and to those who know a great deal but not to the uninitiated being promised only benefits. Terms, non-human genes are genes from other DNA bearing forms than naturally reproductively compatible hominids(not about to get kiked on people saying viruses aren't technically alive) or not found in nature (genes created in a lab) The above should be the root of all genetic ethics, I do not care if we could take genes from other mammals to improve our physiology and lifespan like taking genes from various four legged cloven hoofed species to improve our lung function and oxygen uptake, and better resistances to higher G's or higher altitudes or other bro trauma from whales, or life extension from naked mole rats. The long term consequence of integrating animals genes are totally unknown and they could seriously pollute the genepool and cause huge problems and population collapse issues, and that is before you get to religious problems. I'm completely fine taking natively human genes from any hominid population on earth and distributing them but they can't be a single gene taken from a Tibetan monk that improves your blood oxygen distributed to over a billion people, that will fuck up our entire system of sexual reproduction in seven generations and I also expect that before a gene sequence can be distributed it should be evaluated by at least two medical bodies from every continent. Genetic modification in humans or any life for that matter needs to be listed on a passport and legal documents and those implanted genes need to be public information. The approval process for distribution of a gene needs at least ten individuals in a study to show no resultant defects from modification in any of the test subjects, and those test subjects need to be evaluated in person on each continent by those medical bodies doing full work-ups and their must be baseline data to make comparisons to and this process should take at least two years and a required longitudinal study at ever decade mark should be required, after all of the work from the first two years is produced and evaluated then the mods can enter broader testing and be mixed with other gene mods after a decade making sure to maintain a control group of single mod individuals then final approval could be pursued, participants should not be barred from having children but those children and liabilities tied to the gene are the healthcare responsibility of the firm that did the modding tests for life or 150 years. All information must be publicly documented at all stages. A government office to track modded genelines and make sure we aren't producing a deeply inbred population needs to be maintained. A lottery system surrounding access to these genes must be developed to prevent the over use of a singular gene sequence in genetic modifications, the simplest example is that without some force controlling distribution of these genes every american man in 4 generations will look like their grandfathers are george clooney and brad pitt and then in 4 more generations they will be so inbred they will probably look hapsburg royals. If we are being cautious one individual gene might be shared quite a lot many thousands of times in a year but a whole gene plan even if it's just isolated to physiognomy assuming the geneplan is 50% similar to a single donor or contributor should not be distributed more than 3 times a year, and in reality we should be coming up with a relatively complex algorithm to prevent a unique selected sequence from out competing any other unique selected sequence. A good example is audrey hepburn's eye color, if all violet eyes stem from hers in the human population genetic disorders like blindness, color blindness, degeneration, and immune disorders will crop up everywhere after a few generations. What should be done instead is the development of genetic mapping for parents(we need a serious improvement to individual privacy rights for this to be a good idea), parents basically select all the genes between them with help of a professional to engineer a child that theoretically could have been born naturally, and so long as there are only two biological contributors no records should be made publicly available I would call this two point eugenics, single point eugenics would be mapping your own genome and cutting bad genes and manually effecting epigenetics with gene therapy. Two point and single point eugenics are the safe way to use genetic engineering going forward and should be made widely available over the whole planet, nation states should take on a burden to raise the average IQ's physical strength, and other "stats" of their peoples. I should make a warning, we should not be winnowing unused genes too much, we should be bulking out the unused code in humans in case we ever need it. What is more likely at this moment is that we will have a specialized AGI that knows all genetic data on earth and can construct new sequences at will for any purpose and humanity will cease to exist over a few hundred years as we evolve into a series of other things. I'm a bit of a human purist, only human code whether genomic or digital should enter the human body, the only exception is none intercranial replacement parts, and they can't be wirelessly connected to some sort of internet.