Whites enslaved by Moslems Mamluks [Mamluks](https://www.thoughtco.com/who-were-the-mamluks-195371) The Mamluks were a class of warrior-enslaved people, mostly of Turkic or Caucasian ethnicity, who served between the 9th and 19th century in the Islamic world. Despite their origins as enslaved people, the Mamluks often had higher social standing than free-born people. In fact, individual rulers of Mamluk background reigned in various countries, including the famous Mahmud of Ghazni in Afghanistan and India, and every ruler of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and Syria (1250-1517). and this bit of interesting [connections re: Epstein](https://centipedenation.com/analysis-and-reports/temple-of-slaves-epsteins-ode-to-the-mamluks/) Mamlūks, also spelled Mameluke, were a class of people, mostly of Turkic or Caucasian ethnicity, who served as slave soldiers between the 13th and 16th century in the Islamic world spanning from Egypt to Syria. The name Mameluke is derived from an Arabic word meaning slave which actually comes from the 10th century AD. They were known as the ones that defeated the Mongols and the Crusaders and established a dynasty that lasted hundreds of years. There are 2 distinct periods during the Mamluk reigns. The first period saw the Bahri dynasty that ruled Egypt between 1250–1382 AD. This dynasty would import young slaves, mainly Qipchak Turks from Central Asia and groom them to be warriors. They were more in common with the Mongols than with the peoples of Egypt and Syria among whom they lived with, while making sure they did not mix with the locals. The second period saw the rise of the Burji Circassian dynasty which ruled from 1382-1517 AD. The Circassian Mamluks were white slaves that were taken from the northern Caucasus mountains and traded in slave markets. They were captured in their early childhood, usually around 13 years of age, by the sultans who raised them in special military camps to become soldiers for the ruling class. Many of the sultans were of Circassian origin themselves and were acquired as slaves by previous sultans. These Circassians converted to Islam and became freed after rising within the ranks of the military by proving their loyalty. This is the period that is relevant to this report, so let’s explore further. From the book [A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War] By the late fourteenth century Circassians from the north Caucasus region had become the majority in the Mamluk ranks.