You're just stunning yourself with your own ignorance. Every single one of those questions is approachable by studying cosmology. Depending on what conditions you're talking about, there are various levels of achievable accuracy.
It's not inconceivable that we'll eventually detect something interesting under extreme conditions. We're just talking about incredibly tiny modifications, at that point.
No. We have a useful definition of the speed of light, but not an exact one by any stretch of the imagination. Useful != perfect. And, the definition of the speed of light is definitely circular.
I don't even know what "perfect" would be in this scenario.
Of course. But the Communist Educational Complex wants you to believe everything is quantified and wrapped up in a nice package. It isn't. Not even close. We are barely at a stage where we are beginning to see what the right questions are, and have no means to answer most of them.
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