I use them for organizing other cables etc not in use. I have 2 bins full of all kind of cables (coaxial, lan, PC power, audio, all kinds of adapters). Putting them each in their own little bags ensures you don't ever have to detangle a bunch of wires to find and retrieve the one you are looking for.
They can also be used for different nuts/bolts/screws, and if they have a hole in the top meant for hanging (like in a retail store) I have spots for those in my garage.
I'll put fishing line in those little bags in my tackle box so the loose end never comes undone and gets tangled with other things.
They're good for keeping matches/lighters dry when going on camping trips.
I'll use them to put dead batteries in amd wait until the bag is full before taking them to be recycled.
For things like Ikea furniture or Lego sets that have extra pieces, I'll put those extra pieces in a bag along with the instruction manual. If one of those pieces ever breaks, the replacement is on hand.