>>Jewish women from a range of social and economic backgrounds found common political cause in the American birth control movement and profoundly affected its successes in the early twentieth century. Radical and socialist Jewish women distributed information about birth control, in defiance of anti-obscenity laws, to working class women; middle-class women established clinics and lobbied to overturn federal and state anti-obscenity statutes known as the Comstock Laws, which restricted the publication, distribution, and even discussion of material that the government deemed obscene; professional women affiliated with the movement as gynecologists and social workers; and poor women enthusiastically sought the inexpensive services of birth control clinics. This article charts the grassroots and organizational activism of Jewish women in the American birth control movement during its formative years, 1900 to 1945.