We know that both corporate and incorporated entities have to be created by living people or Lawful Persons. These things don't just get it on in a file drawer and procreate on their own. We know there is no provision for a Municipal Corporation to charter other Municipal Corporations, except as franchises. So a Municipal Corporation has to be incorporated by a Territorial Corporation or other charter agent. The Territorial U.S. Government presumed to act "for" us and undertake the duties of our American Federal Republic, which the Territorial Government was never authorized to do --- and, the specific unauthorized power that they seized upon in 1870 was the power to charter corporations. So they usurped upon an instrumentality of our actual Government in Breach of Trust and commercial service contract by failing to observe the limitations of The Constitution of the United States of America, and to add insult to injury, they began creating British Territorial Corporations for themselves instead of American Corporations ---even though they were purportedly exercising our power "for" us as faithful Trustees and acting in our best interests, etc., etc., etc. More at link http://www.paulstramer.net/2021/02/why-is-corporations-act-of-1870-key.html?m=1 The Corporations Act of 1870. https://duckduckgo.com/?q=The+Corporations+Act+of+1870.++&t=fpas&ia=web