China wants to get rid of Hong Kong's special status as a province with freedom of speech, human rights, etc. These people are desperate. Especially the younger ones are concerned that they may loose any kind of freedom they thought they had. Most of the population and public servants support the protest. For the most part, I think it's a legitimate protest.
China will be faced with the choices of negotiating with the protesters, or surrendering control to them, or bringing in the Chinese military. If they bring the PLA, the world will have the opportunity to see how bad they truly are because Hong Kong is internationally well-connected to the rest of the world instead of Xinjiang and Tibet which are relatively isolated.
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