> Can they produce a new product including RnD cheaper, can they invent cures that either get bought out or never make it past the legalisation process? I'm not sure about in terms of developing new drugs but they have been developing new medical procedures and techniques at some research intensive universities like IIT Kharagpur (Indian Institute of Technology). Here is one example from not too long ago: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible_inhibition_of_sperm_under_guidance For what it's worth India has been the leader in researching the medicinal and anti cancer effects of Ayurvedic herbs like ashwagandha, shilajit, curcumin and brahmi and have also been a leader in exporting them to western countries. Doctors in Russia, Germany and other European countries prescribe some of these herbs to their patients and have reported good results. It's not like America & Canada where MDs get their practice licences revoked for recommending herbal medicines.