> I think with animals we have to make the best qualified guess we can, and since it seems clear that dogs have something like emotional experiences, it probably follows that they have qualia. I'd say many of the more intelligent animals do, but again, I'm not sure that we can know that with certainty. This story doesn’t prove animals have qualia, but it’s a strong indicator they do in my opinion. https://orthochristian.com/104337.html https://ruskline.ru/news_rl/2017/06/10/chudo_chudnoe/ The dolphins recovered an Icon of the Theotokos from the depths, and brought her ashore in Sochi. Church History is peppered throughout with evidence that animals recognize the People of God, and acknowledge their Sanctity. One could counter-argue this is just them “carrying out their programming”, and you’re right we can’t know for certain given our presently available means. But I think it makes more sense that, in recognizing Holy Icons - whether in the flesh, or as literal Icons as in the case with the dolphins - they’re acknowledging and acting according to a sense that *this is like that.* @PS @ARM @ARM2