Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapien were both present on Earth and were experiencing a parallel evolution... they were similar, though there were stark differences. In particular, neanderthalensis had a larger occipital lobe and smaller cognitive areas of the brain, like the cerebellum (operating muscle memory, and possibly language, attention, working memory, social abilities, and thought), the parietal lobes (visuospatial function and episodic memory), the temporal lobes (language comprehension and associations with emotions), the orbitofrontal cortex (decision making), and the olfactory bulb (sense of smell). Neanderthalensis went extinct by disease, famine, and other things, though a large contributor to it was the incorporation of their genome into Homo sapien. Along with the graphic... does it make more sense that blacks are the way they are? They're more Neanderthal than the rest of us.