I should add that the "requantization scaling factor" mentioned by Langan is the formal description of why "time frame dilation" happens, and why "dark matter" and "dark energy" appear. As depicted in the Conspansion diagram, the states of objects are determined reflexively via the overlapping or entangled waveforms serving as "universal computers", in conjunction with the overall state of the universe. As for dark matter, the outer edge of the galaxy rotates faster than expected because the inner portion of the galaxy is scaled to slower factor. The same logic applies to "dark energy", ie the "accelerated expansion" of the universe. The CTUM formally predicts dark energy... "...*because the rate of shrinkage is a constant function of a changing size ratio, the universe appears from an internal vantage to be accelerating in its “expansion”, leading to the conspansive dual of a positive cosmological constant*..." CTMU