**The Gulag Archipelago ABRIDGED** **Chapter 12 - Tyurzak: https://files.catbox.moe/syxsac.mp3** I give my apologies to the no doubt often mispronounced Russian names and places. Additional apologies for sometimes mispronounced English words… This Chapter: The last chapter of Part 1. Tyurzak is a term for "prison confinement." This chapter highlights one of the only weapons a prisoner has, the *hunger strike*. Below are ways the jailers combated it, until it was made illegal of course... >>1. Patience on the part of the administration. (We have seen enough of what this meant from preceding examples.) >>2. Deception. This, too, can be practiced thanks to total secrecy. When every step is reported by the newspapers, you aren’t going to do much deceiving. But in our country, why not? In 1933, in the Khabarovsk Prison, S. A. Chebotaryev, demanding that his family be informed of his whereabouts, fasted for seventeen days. (He had come from the Chinese Eastern Railroad in Manchuria and then suddenly disappeared, and he was worried about what his wife might be thinking.) On the seventeenth day, Zapadny, the Deputy Chief of the Provincial GPU, and the Khabarovsk Province prosecutor (their ranks indicate that lengthy hunger strikes were really not so frequent) came to see him and showed him a telegraph receipt (There, they said, they had informed his wife!), and thus persuaded him to take some broth. And the receipt was a fake! >>3. Forced artificial feeding. This method was adapted, without any question, from experience with wild animals in captivity. And it could be employed only in total secrecy. By 1937 artificial feeding was, evidently, already in wide use. >>4. A new view of the hunger strike: that hunger strikes are a continuation of counterrevolutionary activity in prison, and must be punished with a new prison term. >>Approximately in the middle of 1937, a new directive came: From now on the prison administration will not in any respect be responsible for those dying on hunger strikes! The last vestige of personal responsibility on the part of the jailers had disappeared! **All Part 1 Chapters:** Introduction: https://files.catbox.moe/73kxit.mp3 Chapter 01 - Arrest: https://files.catbox.moe/ep8du7.mp3 Chapter 02 - The History of Our Sewage Disposal System: https://files.catbox.moe/3y8hwv.mp3 Chapter 03 - The Interrogation: https://files.catbox.moe/agp3dl.mp3 Chapter 04 – The Bluecaps: https://files.catbox.moe/takv7w.mp3 Chapter 05 – First Cell, First Love: https://files.catbox.moe/xd1u3r.mp3 Chapter 06 – That Spring: https://files.catbox.moe/12a1lm.mp3 Chapter 07 – In the Engine Room: https://files.catbox.moe/zej3kp.mp3 Chapter 08 - The Law as a Child: https://files.catbox.moe/qhyhws.mp3 Chapter 09 - The Law Becomes a Man: https://files.catbox.moe/cw5kat.mp3 Chapter 10 - The Law Matures: https://files.catbox.moe/m2z2dx.mp3 Chapter 11 - The Supreme Measure: https://files.catbox.moe/ug4zk6.mp3 Chapter 12 - Tyurzak: https://files.catbox.moe/syxsac.mp3 Part 1 (Chapters 1-12): https://mega.nz/file/ZINSiB4D#OEaVqIGPXqVc-M-Eg3tWLqnBIkKyX62y45z9NTfs3N4