Here's the original study: https://elifesciences.org/articles/72484 >To confirm this absence of an imagery effect in the aphantasia population, we compared the pupil-difference score obtained when comparing the bright and dark conditions for the control and aphantasia groups, and computed a Bayes Factor (H0: score = 0; H1: score ≠ 0; see Materials and methods). Controls showed very strong evidence for H1 (BF10 > 1010; Bayesian one-sample t-test), whereas the aphantasia population showed evidence for the null effect (BF01 = 3.180). A direct comparison between the control and aphantasia groups using a Bayesian repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA; see Materials and methods) showed very strong evidence for an effect of group (BF10 > 106). Finally, and as expected, pupil-difference scores (imagery of dark stimuli–bright stimuli) did not significantly predict imagery strength (measured using the binocular rivalry paradigm) for the aphantasic population Seems like quite strong evidence, to me. Not only did they screen aphantasic individuals using existing diagnostic criteria, they tested both the control group and test groups quite thoroughly. The results during the imagery portion for the aphantasic group were so strong that the result was not statistically significant. To put it into understandable terms, almost no pupillary dilation was observed at all in the aphantasic group during the imagery portion of the research. These results are incredibly strong. It's remarkable. They also noticed less pupillary dilation in the "control group" during the perception phase of the research and the researchers point out that there are both perception and cognition loads being undertaken by the "neuro-stack." The aphantasic group had more cognitive strain during the perception phase. Why is this? Because the aphantasic group is having to work extra hard to sense and process the visual information compared to the control group which can tap into more and stronger neuropathways for visual sensory. The load is shared by both sensory and cognition portions of the "neuro stack." This means that "normal" people experience less cognitive strain during active visual stimulation. Aphantasic people's brains have to work harder in day to day tasks that involve visual stimuli. This has greater reaching implications than just a superficial understanding of aphantasic individuals. I see this as an extension of interrogation sciences. And, indeed, research has already been conducted in this path: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7553340/ But it is more than just that. Asking someone a set of baseline questions and then determining if the individual is fabricating a story or telling the truth can be useful. Quite sure they already know this. But this is new to me.