Another one you might like, this time for the glideslope indicator on the side of the runway: White = you're light (too high) Red = you're dead (too low) Can't remember if there was one for 2 red, 2 white, but that means you're exactly where you're supposed to be. Also, counter-intuitively, when on approach your speed is controlled by pitch. Power changes adjust the glideslope. If you're too high, reduce power. If you're too low, increase power. Another handy one to remember if you get into VATSIM or full IFR routes is the CRAFT format for clearances. * **C**learance - "Cleared to <destination fix>..." * **R**oute - "...via <route or "as filed">." * **A**ltitude - "Climb and maintain <initial altitude> expect <final or intermediate altitude> X-minutes after departure" * **F**requency - "Departure frequency <frequency>" (although they often remind you when handing you off anyway) * **T**ransponder - "Squawk <transponder code." Also stands for Time (void-time) if given. That's the time when your clearance expires and is void if you're not already off the ground. The acronym just makes it easier to jot down as they give it to you can read it back immediately after. Example: *"November One-Four-Eight-Eight, cleared to Kekistan International via radar vectors, then as filed. Climb and maintain five thousand. Expect flight-level four-two-zero, one-zero minutes after departure. Departure frequency one-one-six point niner-five. Squawk four-seven-three-eight. Time now three-seven, void if not off by four-two. If not off by four-two advise of intention or cancellation on this frequency."*