Non-cancer pic of bank list (pic8.co)
TL;DR: derivatives are just that: assets which "derive" value from something real. For example, you and I can bet on whether an asset is going to be a certain price at a certain time. We haven't invested in anything, we've only placed bets on an outcome. Gold is traded on the derivatives market. There is more money in derivatives betting on gold than there is actual gold to cover it.
The fact these banks are 2 Quadrillion USD invested into derivatives means there is more money being bet on derivatives than there is in the entire money supply.
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