>In vitro DMT-treatment of human primary cells results in increased survival in severe hypoxic environment - >This is the first study reporting that DMT, through the Sig-1R of human primary cells, can increase survival and alleviate cellular stress in hypoxic environments. This phenomenon is associated with increased cell viability and decreased expression and function of the stress factor HIF-1α in severe hypoxia-exposed, DMT-treated iPSC-derived cortical neurons, and monocyte-derived immune cells. The importance of microglia and microglia-like cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in hypoxia and post-injury recovery of the CNS has been recently reported (Jin and Yamashita, 2016). Thus, DMT may also notably contribute to neuroregenerative and neurorestorative processes by modulating the survival of microglia-like cells, such as moMACs and moDCs. In conclusion, our results suggest a novel and important role of DMT in human cellular physiology and point out to the relevance of DMT-mediated Sig-1R modulation in future therapies concerning hypoxia/ischemia-related pathologies. - >The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://web.archive.org/web/20220412125543/https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2016.00423/full