In my immmaculate judgment, the single greatest difference between Catholicism and Protestantism is the worship of Mary, mother of Jesus. All the other details of ritual, wardrobe, holy days, prayer practices, fade to insignificance in comparison to Mariolatry (or as the Catholics like to call it, Mariology).
I should mention that I see the adoration of Mary in Catholic worship as a good thing. If Christianity has a single great fault, it has been the exclusion of the Divine Feminine -- or at least, an attempt to exclude the Divine Feminine, because the actual Christians on the ground would not put up with it. They never stopped worshipping the Great Mother principle. That's what Mary worship is, the worship of the Great Mother of All, the Queen of Heaven.
Traditionally the Vatican has attempted to exclude the worship of a heavenly female principle, which seems a little insane when you think about it. The feminine principle exists throughout nature, so why would the Pope be so determined to deny it? In part it descends from the practice of the Jews, who also attempted to exclude the female element from religion. In Judaism, it crept back in through the Kabbalah, where the Divine Feminine is worshipped. In Christianity, it crept back in through the worship of Mary.
The weakest aspect of the Protestant churches, their biggest failing, is the determination to deny the Divine Feminine a place in the Holy Trinity. Of course, it is also denied in Catholicism, but only in a formal sense. Catholic worshippers know that the Holy Spirit and Mary are the same divine female principle. The Vatican has been forced to acknowledge the worship of Mary without actually calling it worship. But they don't like it. Protestant pastors completely reject Mary and the divine feminine. I even get the sense when I listen to their sermons that Protestant pastors actually hate Many, mother of Jesus. They don't realize that there is a difference between Mary, the young girl who gave birth to Jesus, and Mary the Queen of Heaven, a divine principle that permeates all of creation. The human Mary represents the divine Queen of Heaven, just as the human Jesus represents the divine Son of God.
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