Marriage is, itself, a simple process, per Biblical standards. It’s merely a contract and exchange between the father/family of the bride and the groom.
Divorce didn’t really exist - death was the penalty for infidelity.
Plural marriages were “allowed,” in the sense of not resulting in legal penalty, but had universally negative consequences for the families of those engaging in them, and were thus “accursed.”
By the time of the New Testament, the expectation for holy living, as laid out by the Apostle Paul, included being the husband of one wife. Women, however, were always called upon to submit to their husbands.
Edit: To clarify on the legal angle, the marriage itself need only be recognized by the church of the couple. Until the 20th century, there was no “state issued certificate.” It was part of the stripping away powers of the church to create the state as God.
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