None of the replies so far have actually addressed OP's first question. Namely how does short, shallow breathing help when the fight or flight response kicks in? I'm curious as well. Obviously the body is preparing to exert itself but in what way do the quick breaths help? Is it actually the most efficient way to oxygenate the blood? This rather goes against the general practice after very strenuous exercise, for example a sprint, of raising your arms over your head to increase lung capacity and taking deep breaths to get your 'wind back' quicker.
I recall reading that preparation for holding your breath for a long time involves taking short quick breaths. I think it has something to do with manipulating the CO2 levels in the blood. Is this similar to what's happening when Fight or Flight engages?
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