There are many different Bible translations from the last century and this is well-known among Christians. In Sunday school or in the Sunday sermon it is common to discuss the original language or to refer to more than one version in order to look at a verse more closely. Christians naturally learn about the original culture when they research their own questions they have from reading the Bible and discussing it with others.
Christians also learn about the Bible in personal study or in required classes in Christian universities. It is common to debate the meaning of a verse and again, to look at the original language just as you with with any other ancient text translated from the original language. The culture and worldview of the original audience is also taken into account. I went to a Christian high school and college and had to take several Bible classes, but even speaking to my peers on current events or discussing our lives different Bible versions would come up.
As a reference here are the NIV version translators. Fifteen scholars with decades of careful study of the original languages and in seminary: https://www.thenivbible.com/about-the-niv/meet-the-translators/ (https://www.thenivbible.com/about-the-niv/meet-the-translators/ ). Churches have a lot of connections to academics like this and will often organize themselves into study groups go learn about it outside of a university setting.
BibleGateway.com(BibleGateway.com) allows you to easily compare several versions and I usually go there to look up a verse. That would be a good place for you to see how different the various versions are.
As a final note I will also mention that the Bible is translated into many modern languages other than English, and probably more than any other book. Due to my background I know several missionaries who translated the Bible into indigenous languages in the Americas and East Asia and while I was not personally there, all their talk has been about studying the original text and linguistics, not Jewish lawyers.
Edit: regarding some of the comments, one connection Christianity has to Judaism would be the belief that Jesus is the Messiah. I recommend reading the New Testament. There is also the Old Testament to consider as well.
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