Typically the Metadata you are concerned about comes from the creation of the image, but any software that can edit an image has potential to edit it's Metadata.
There are online tools that strip it all out. I don't have a favorite, I usually just Google it every time I need to
filesystem also alters metadata
created by, time created, time accessed, etc
Good to know.
If you right click and go to properties, Windows will do it too
(post is archived)