All other things being equal, meaning same soil consistency and quality, water levels, light levels, etc., without chemical analysis they wouldn't be able to tell the difference. Chemical analysis could reveal what herbicides and pesticides were used. Beyond that, they'd be identical.
People think natural means better and safer. With a lot of things that's true, but it's not a rule. Nature creates more diabolical toxins than any chemist could ever dream up, and humans can create pesticides that are better and safer than the organic ones.
Non organic fruits are dyed and waxed. The dye they use to color oranges is suspected to cause cancer and is banned in two states. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_Red_2
They do not dye apples red, and people have been waxing fruit for centuries.
Your article mentions that they can apply fake red to orange peels. Nothing else.
After 10 minutes of searching I couldn't find any non-blog sources so maybe it's just oranges. I'll go to a store and look sometime and see if they look different.
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