Up until 1515, when the pope allowed collecting interest on loans, Europe ran without usury. I'm not saying that there wasn't some usury here and there, but it was the Medici pope, Leo X, who opened the floodgates to it. There was also very strong and outspoken opposition to usury in the American colonies. All the Church fathers opposed usury. Jesus opposed usury. Basically, usury is money breeding money. This was abhorent to earlier religious leaders.
So I did some researching on that one and most sources say there was lending before 1515 and the money lenders had notoriously high rates. The papal bull allowed "charitable" pawns to do lending at a reasonable rate so as to undercut the high-interest lenders.
But maybe the Pope had other intentions and the above is a revisionist or overly-trusting assessment of the motive?
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