How much is surplus vs. just replacing old bills?
Almost none of it was printing of bills. The government can now create money in a computer.
Exactly. There are many factors. The amount in circulation is the primary cue. It really doesn't matter how much is printed. What matters is how much is in active circulation. If people are holding 50%, you have to print more to ensure cash flow reduction doesn't itself create panic or inflation.
While I don't know the actual number I do know large amounts are now held not only here but outside the country. This effectively removes it from circulation and requires more printing to maintain supply.
People are holding out of economic fear and uncertainty of the communist administration.
Oh, you mean M2? The number that the government stopped reporting as it went parabolic? Fantastic.
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